At the University of Padova Department of Information Engineering, we develop methodological tools, algorithms and software to analyze data and vital signals reflecting individual health and to exploit them with learning techniques to improve patient therapy, possibly creating real-time feedback mechanisms. Tools are personalized, adaptive, proactive and equipped with intelligent self-diagnostic functions. Models to predict and prevent the incidence of new diseases or medical complications are also investigated. Our main clinical application is the treatment of diabetes mellitus, but we are also involved in projects aimed at predicting the onset of cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases and in cognitive neuroscience investigations.